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解释、算例与证据","sha256":"d71cf15e707c8a3674b4c90a599efee783cb84da5b8c8236a1d01c3add7b4958","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-f8491469f4613f5bd08d7ed0","nextBlock":"b-72dd624205b0301487222cc0","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-f8491469f4613f5bd08d7ed0","url":"#b-f8491469f4613f5bd08d7ed0","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"}]},{"id":"b-72dd624205b0301487222cc0","type":"h1","scope":"document","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-72dd624205b0301487222cc0","content":"# P09 · 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学习表示机制图，状态 1；查询 q；指定正例 k⁺；其他图像 k₁；其他图像 k₂；也是杯子，却不同实例；正例是构造出的对应关系；候选中的其他图像不保证语义类别不同。\n\n红杯查询及同底图裁剪正例；另一红杯实例与法兰构成其他候选，标明同类也可能是负项。\n\n- 查询 q\n- 指定正例 k⁺\n- 其他图像 k₁\n- 其他图像 k₂\n- 也是杯子，却不同实例\n- 正例是构造出的对应关系；候选中的其他图像不保证语义类别不同。红杯查询及同底图裁剪正例；另一红杯实例与法兰构成其他候选，标明同类也可能是负项。 [查看对应图解状态](/#/l3-r2-p09/0)[查看完整图解](/course/figures/l3-r2-p09-0.html)","sha256":"e3fe946059ba3d9557923bea3a1674de2950b82abbe9364d2f296df1e3a2dc38","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"figure":{"caption":"红杯查询及同底图裁剪正例；另一红杯实例与法兰构成其他候选，标明同类也可能是负项。 查看对应图解状态","labels":["查询 q","指定正例 k⁺","其他图像 k₁","其他图像 k₂","也是杯子，却不同实例","正例是构造出的对应关系；候选中的其他图像不保证语义类别不同。"],"description":"红杯查询及同底图裁剪正例；另一红杯实例与法兰构成其他候选，标明同类也可能是负项。查询 q指定正例 k⁺其他图像 k₁其他图像 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课堂讲述","sha256":"786ce10a6b32a492259a3dccd0a54e61cd41d28a34382fb7b5386c5f03b7ad69","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","nextBlock":"b-440c13b7cf2ba1a3478793d2","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-72dd624205b0301487222cc0","url":"#b-72dd624205b0301487222cc0","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"}]},{"id":"b-440c13b7cf2ba1a3478793d2","type":"p","scope":"narrative","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-440c13b7cf2ba1a3478793d2","content":"在这类实例级对比任务中，“正例”通常表示训练指定的对应视图，“负例”表示拿来比较的其他样本。它们并不自动等同于“同类别”和“不同类别”。\n如果另外一张图片拍的恰好是同类杯子，训练时仍可能把它当作另一个实例。这说明目标对数据作了近似，而不是提前拥有全部语义关系。\n为什么这样的近似仍值得尝试？因为大量不同视图的对应能够迫使网络寻找一些跨变换稳定的线索，而不是只记某一张图片的像素。真正的问题不是一句“负例有噪声，所以方法不行”，而是：这种构造最后能否得到对新图片、新任务有用的表示。","sha256":"84c82aaf7a92090911e880a2b05bd59559e07cd2ad4d0d97fd1220c1bed3bb34","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-750aafca457bc5de945cf710","nextBlock":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-750aafca457bc5de945cf710","url":"#b-750aafca457bc5de945cf710","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"}]},{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","type":"h3","scope":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","content":"### 同源、同类与负例不是同一回事","sha256":"8b3c5d286267fd58cd64a78a2d1939e11dde755f4100819ffa62f1b34d7cc0e7","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源、同类与负例不是同一回事","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-440c13b7cf2ba1a3478793d2","nextBlock":"b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-750aafca457bc5de945cf710","url":"#b-750aafca457bc5de945cf710","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"},{"id":"b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","url":"#b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","url":"#b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","url":"#b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","relation":"same-reasoning"}]},{"id":"b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","type":"p","scope":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","content":"设A1、A2是同一红杯照片的两种裁剪，B1来自另一只红杯。实例对比通常把A1–A2配为正例，把B1作为A1的其他候选。即便A和B都属于“杯子”，取样过程也没有给它们同源身份。","sha256":"e05639d29c1e9d147bd2766dd00ecfe08ffbd85c314e20d84e2d2b50df476add","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源、同类与负例不是同一回事","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","nextBlock":"b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"},{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","url":"#b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","url":"#b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","relation":"same-reasoning"}]},{"id":"b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","type":"p","scope":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","content":"这解释了“假负例”：在训练的实例身份题中，B确实不是A；在下游语义分类题中，B却可能应该与A接近。两种题目的答案并不矛盾，但会对表示施加不同压力。","sha256":"79f2869954760e92d4d6a1d5beb8c623a858a17af2434e1fe2d7d46464d9e58d","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源、同类与负例不是同一回事","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","nextBlock":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"},{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","url":"#b-7d709e7725b3802c0d1262b8","relation":"same-reasoning"},{"id":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","url":"#b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","relation":"same-reasoning"}]},{"id":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","type":"p","scope":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","content":"本页不要求学生寻找一条永远正确的相似度。先写清关系：同一原图、同一对象、同一类别、同一语句含义是不同层次。以后CLIP用图文配对时，也要重新问正例来自哪一种数据关系，不能沿用“看起来相似就是正例”的模糊定义。","sha256":"455418a5d87053a9ef6215132e2936c7b49bd25423b83dbec784c79894d4ff21","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源、同类与负例不是同一回事","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":"instance-positive-and-false-negative","formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-0c6d763bb3c1ede33567ccda","nextBlock":"b-8f1df7440dcbbe76f498d60c","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3b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沿这个问题继续","sha256":"cf44fcc62782fb4f6bdc42c16c5187d57556a03cb7ce6065e7bd9c36d8e7d733","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-8c2d93964a5b5973f8499644","nextBlock":"b-cdb887a6e32eec707d24e25a","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","url":"#b-db1b4c57a8a0c01100172eeb","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"}]},{"id":"b-cdb887a6e32eec707d24e25a","type":"p","scope":"practice","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-cdb887a6e32eec707d24e25a","content":"画A1、A2、B1三个候选，分别标同源与同类，再去P10计算一次选择。","sha256":"1748a97e183d64a122cbb00a2a8173b03fc5c86cb3fa7efac8084dfb8af765dc","chapter":{"id":"I","title":"学习信号与表示"},"unit":{"id":"i-view-objective","title":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？"},"page":{"id":"h-i-instance-and-class","title":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","number":1},"sectionTitle":"同源关系与同类关系可以不同","currentQuestion":"视图关系怎样成为学习目标，又会牺牲什么？","sourceSlides":["l3-r2-p09"],"knowledgeBlock":null,"formulas":[],"previousBlock":"b-8f1df7440dcbbe76f498d60c","nextBlock":"b-35aa6132594c4b177beaaad2","prerequisites":[{"id":"b-8f1df7440dcbbe76f498d60c","url":"#b-8f1df7440dcbbe76f498d60c","role":"section-title"},{"id":"b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","url":"#b-3bd266a29cdbb98e37a8e66e","role":"problem-context"}],"relatedBlocks":[{"id":"b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","url":"#b-7d0d13b89b1d8393a3e0edbb","relation":"figure-and-explanation"}]},{"id":"b-35aa6132594c4b177beaaad2","type":"h4","scope":"h-i-instance-and-class","url":"https://codingai-lec03.pages.dev/course/pages/l3-r2-p09.html#b-35aa6132594c4b177beaaad2","content":"#### 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